The hottest packaging printing and commercial prin

Packaging printing and commercial printing 3

printing> section 3 commercial printing

people customarily divide printed matter into two categories: one type of printed matter has plot content, such as books and periodicals, newspapers, pictures, trademarks, instructions, securities, etc; Another kind of printed matter basically has no plot content, and some even have neither words nor pictures, such as stationery, tables, etc. This second type of printing is commercial printing

commercial printing materials include various bills, invoices, tickets, tickets, etc., account books, forms, and bar codes widely used after the 1980s

stationery includes various diaries, exercise books, photo albums, office supplies, stationery, manuscript paper, park card, etc

because commercial and cultural printing materials are only used as consumables in business office and people's daily life, they have no plot content, and generally do not have the strength and durability of FRP. They are regarded as spiritual products, so the state's management of this kind of printing is not as strict as that of books, newspapers, securities and packaging printing. However, in terms of the number of printing plants, commercial supplies printing plants account for the vast majority of the entire printing industry (table)

table 1951 statistical table of members of Shanghai Printing Industry Association:

number of households in the industry, number of employees, among them private party personnel remarks, lead printing books and periodicals, casting copper mold, photographic plate making books and periodicals, binding lead printing parts, of which 109 are small factories of husband and wife, offset printing, lithography, silk paint, wax polishing paper products * of which 230 are small factories of husband and wife, the carton industry in total

note * the paper products industry includes 108 households in the manufacturing industry, 136 households in the accounting industry, 62 households in the paper group, There are 167 households in the paper mounting industry and 230 households in the couple's small factory

show that in 1951, there were less than 400 manufacturers engaged in book printing and less than 200 manufacturers engaged in packaging printing in Shanghai's printing industry. Among the 2877 printing plants, the printing plants of lead printing parts and paper products are mainly engaged in the printing of commercial supplies, which account for the vast majority

according to the statistics of the national Department of industry and commerce, there were about 60000 printing enterprises in China from 1993 to 1994, of which more than 6000 were engaged in packaging printing, more than 5000 were books and periodicals printing, less than 1000 were engaged in newspaper printing, and only more than 10 were engaged in Securities printing. Even among these printing plants, some are also engaged in commercial supplies printing. In addition to these factories, there are about 48000 printing enterprises mainly engaged in the printing of commercial and office supplies. A considerable part of these printing plants are township enterprises newly established after the reform and opening up in the 1980s. In short, among Chinese printing enterprises, the scale is small, the equipment is relatively simple, and the industry management is relatively loose, and the largest number of printing enterprises engaged in commercial supplies

printing> I. commercial supplies printing

in commercial printing, various bills, account books, forms, etc. are used more. The characteristic of these printed materials is that there are few words, some of them even have no words, so it is easier to make printing plates. Before the 1960s, it was mainly letterpress printing, and the printing factory was small. Generally, there was no casting room, and the typesetting materials such as typeface, lead space, water line, lead bar and so on were outsourced. The factory only has a few disc machines, square box machines, and a hand-operated paper cutter. Before the public-private partnership in the 1950s, these small printing plants (shops) could be seen everywhere in big cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Xi'an, Chongqing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shenyang, etc. In the shop along the street, there are two or three printing machines, fourorfive people, and a boss with several clerks, even husband and wife, father and son's shop, which is both a printing workshop and a business store. After the public-private partnership in 1956, the production scale was developed by means of joint ventures, joint ventures, or a central factory driving a group of small factories

after the 1980s, in the tide of reform and opening up, township enterprises have sprung up, many of which are printing enterprises. In these printing enterprises, many are printing commercial and cultural goods. The equipment of township printing plants mostly comes from the second-hand equipment of state-owned printing plants in large cities. With the rise of lithography, the right side of this kind of printing is controlled by experimental parameters. Some brushes are printed with lead and lithography

for example, train tickets in the railway system, bus and tram tickets in the public transport system in large cities, these printed materials consume a lot and require strict management. They are generally printed in the professional printing factory of this system

judging from the situation in Beijing, by the end of 1988, there were 1279 printing enterprises in Beijing, of which 871 were investigated, and 442 were fully engaged in commercial printing (including horizontal horizontal tensile structure printing with packaging relaxation testing machine), accounting for about 51% of the total. Among the 442, there are 335 township enterprises, accounting for 76%, 53 self-employed enterprises, accounting for 12%, 16 enterprises of central ministries and commissions, 5 military enterprises, and 33 municipal enterprises. According to the ownership system, there are 296 collective enterprises, accounting for 67%; There are 93 national enterprises and 53 individuals

in order to facilitate the automatic identification and sales of packaged goods, bar code identification has been widely implemented on commodity packaging since the 1980s, that is, black-and-white vertical bars with different widths, representing different Arabic numerals, are printed on the obvious parts of commodity packaging, which is called bar code. Many factories of light industry packaging printing system have obtained printing licenses issued by China bar code Center, such as Shanghai People's printing No. 8 factory, Shanghai People's printing No. 10 factory, Shanghai concave convex color printing factory, Beijing color printing factory, Nanjing color printing factory, Kunming color printing factory, Guangzhou Dongfanghong printing company, Xi'an No. 1 printing factory, Changsha art printing factory, etc. are allowed to engage in bar code printing

printing> II. Printing of cultural goods

the range of cultural printing materials is also very wide, including various exercise books, exercise books, notebooks, diaries, photo albums, stationery, grid paper, and various office printing materials and playing cards and entertainment products (color pictures) in this experiment

color map China is a country with a large population. The sales of exercise books for primary and secondary school students' course homework are quite considerable. There are binding and printing factories specializing in producing all kinds of books in major cities

in the 1950s, printing of this kind was basically manual except for the use of machines for printing machines and cutting machines. Some exquisite diary covers, certificates and certificates are also printed with silk paint. This is a primary form of printing. First, draw the pattern by hand, scrape it with mixed paint of different colors, and the paint passes through the hole and misses printing on the substrate. It is called silk lacquer printing because it uses silk plate and lacquer instead of ink

the early form printing was the same as the commercial account book printing, which used the book paper with a ration of 25 ~ 45 grams square meters to print on the small relief printing machine. In addition, diaries, memorials, playing cards, etc. with artistic illustrations can be inserted